Um certo dia levaram o filósofo Sócrates ao tribunal de Atenas...
Diante do julgamento da população ateniense, o acusavam de perverter a juventude e falar contra os deuses do povo.
Sócrates vivia pelas praças conversando e interrogando as pessoas sobre as coisas da vida. Sua sabedoria causava admiração de alguns, principalmente os jovens, e a inveja em outros.
No tribunal ele se defende simplesmente e calmamente com a verdade.
No entanto, seus inimigos há tempos vinham corrompendo a cabeça das pessoas de Atenas sobre Sócrates: "Ora bem, cidadãos atenienses, devo defender-me e empreender remover da vossa mente, em tão breve hora, a má opinião acolhida por vós durante longo tempo".
Ele era homem despreocupado com os bens materiais e com os poderes, diferentemente da maioria dos cidadãos atenienses. Para ele a alma é muito mais importante que o cuidado com o corpo e as riquezas, e que isso é questão dos homens viverem melhor.
Ele toca algumas vezes na pergunta que o poderiam fazer: Por que você agiu para chegar a esse julgamento e não mudou de conduta para escapar de passar por isso? Ele diz: "Um homem, de qualquer utilidade, por menor que seja, não deve fazer caso dos ricos de viver ou de morrer, e, ao contrário, só deve considerar uma coisa: quando fizer o que quer que seja, deve considerar se faz coisa justa ou injusta, se está agindo como homem virtuoso ou desonesto".
Ele se diz exortado pelos deuses a viver filosofando e examinando a si mesmo e aos outros, e que disso não poderia fugir: "Cidadãos atenienses, eu vos respeito e vos amo, mas obedecerei aos deuses em vez de obedecer a vós, e enquanto eu respirar e estiver na posse de minhas faculdades, não deixarei de filosofar e de vos exortar ou de instruir cada um, quem quer que seja que vier à minha presença...".
Ele, perguntado sobre qual pena supõe a si mesmo, diz que por justiça, por prestar o serviço maior aos cidadãos atenienses, os ensinado a virtude, deveria ser tratado como um herói por eles, ou então aceitavam a pena de morte pedida por seus acusadores.
Com isso ele foi condenado, por volta dos sessenta anos de idade a beber Cicuta (veneno).
Entre seus ensinamentos estão as frases: "Homem, conhece-te a ti mesmo", "Sei que nada sei", "Uma vida sem busca não é digna de ser vivida". Ele também ensina que o homem tem que se aplicar em ser melhor, tanto quanto puder.
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